It was the undercover police operation that led to 37 people being jailed after officers set up a fake recording studio and record shop on a north London housing estate.
Now, a four-part television documentary has brought Operation Peyzac back under the spotlight, prompting renewed scrutiny of the tactics used by undercover officers and calls for the operation to be examined by the UK’s ongoing spycops inquiry.
After a spate of violence, including five murders in the area, the Metropolitan police launched the operation in 2008, tasking officers to pose as music industry figures in a recording studio called Boombox to gather intelligence on gang crime, drugs and firearms offences.
The studio offered aspiring musicians access to recording facilities and mentorship, creating what participants described as a rare opportunity in an area with few resources for young people.
But 18 years on, opinions remain divided over the ethics of the tactics used. Human rights campaigners and some of those convicted argue the operation crossed ethical lines, while officers insist it helped prevent further bloodshed and disrupted serious criminality.
The renewed scrutiny comes after the release of Boom Box: Beats and Betrayal, an HBO Max that tells the story through the eyes of the young men who attended the studio and also from the perspective of the undercover officers.
Several of those convicted claim they felt under pressure from officers to acquire firearms and drugs, fearing they would lose access to the recording studio, opportunities in the music industry, and the mentorship they believed was being offered if they refused.
Kyron, who did not wish to give his last name, is a lead contributor to the documentary. He said participants had described the operation as a form of grooming. “They knew about our financial issues, they knew about our family issues, the breakdown in our communities. They knew all of these things and they used that against us as a tool.”
But former officers and the Metropolitan police vehemently reject these allegations. A Met spokesperson said: “The Met strongly rebuts allegations that those convicted as part of this operation were coerced or manipulated into criminality.”
Describing the backdrop to the launch of Operation Peyzac, retired DI Rob Murray, who oversaw it, said: “The stark reality was five young black men lost their lives, and in addition to that other men had been injured and stabbed and conventional tactics unfortunately hadn’t worked.”
The allegations of questionable tactics echo arguments raised during the original court proceedings. Defence lawyers initially put forward an abuse of process argument, claiming the operation amounted to entrapment and evidence gathered through the undercover operation should be ruled inadmissible.
The judge rejected claims that the Boombox studio itself had amounted to a “honey trap”,and allowed the case to proceed. After that ruling, many defendants were advised to plead guilty.
Oya Suleyman, of EBR Attridge solicitors, who represented two of the young men charged with serious offences, described Boombox as a warning shot. “It’s a crystal ball into the bleak future of judge-only trials. I urge the justice secretary to watch it and examine his conscience. If we lose juries in the way he plans, the people here in Tottenham are exactly the kind that will suffer disproportionately.”
Campaigners are now circulating the documentary among ministers in the hope it will prompt wider debate about undercover policing, similar to how Mr Bates vs the Post Office and Adolescence helped drive national debate about social policy.
Shami Chakrabarti, the former director of Liberty, said: “I do believe that the undercover officers in Operation Peyzac crossed a number of lines and groomed, enticed, incited and at times even coerced at least some of the young men and boys they were ‘investigating’.”
Chakrabarti said the operation should potentially be examined by the ongoing undercover policing inquiry and called for stronger safeguards around undercover policing.
Neil Woods, a former undercover police officer who spent 13 years infiltrating drug gangs, said when he worked undercover there were clear instructions prohibiting officers from acting as agent provocateurs. “So the line is quite clear and, in my view, this operation absolutely stepped over this line in a really sinister way,” he said.
Chakrabarti and Woods said that if Operation Peyzac had taken place today, undercover officers may have been able to go further because of changes introduced by the Covert Human Intelligence Sources (Criminal Conduct) Act 2021, which expanded the powers available to covert operatives.
Murray said he had agreed to participate in the documentary because he wanted to challenge what he described as a “false narrative” being told, that “horrible, nasty police fitted up a load of completely innocent people – which of course is absolutely not true”.
Fish, another undercover officer featured in the documentary, also rejected accusations of grooming. “I cannot enter into a conversation with someone who isn’t talking about criminality. I cannot just go up to someone and start talking about criminality or say: ‘Can you get me a gun, can you get me drugs?’ All these people initiated the conversation.”
He added: “I was so proud of the job that we did because it was probably the hardest job I’d ever done.”
Toby Paton, the documentary’s director, said the central question raised by the documentary is ultimately a social rather than legal one. “The young men in the series needed help,” he said. “They needed the real Boombox. They needed support. That’s the tragedy of it.”
